FirstDress

Abbevillian Industry

2005-04-03T17:05:00.000-07:00

Prehistoric stone-tool tradition generally considered to represent the oldest occurrence in Europe of a bifacial (hand-ax) technology. The Abbevillian industry dates from an imprecisely determined part of the Middle Pleistocene, somewhat less than 700,000 years ago. It was recovered from high terrace sediments of the lower Somme valley, in a suburb of Abbeville, Fr. The

Quantification

2005-03-31T16:13:00.000-08:00

In logic, the attachment of signs of quantity to the predicate or subject of a proposition. The universal quantifier, symbolized by (-) or (-), where the blank is filled by a variable, is used to express that the formula following holds for all values of the particular variable quantified. The existential quantifier, symbolized ($-), expresses that the formula following holds

Mashriq Al-adhkar

2005-03-30T18:54:00.000-08:00

(Arabic: “place where the uttering of the name of God arises at dawn”), temple or house of worship in the Baha'i faith. The mashriq is characterized by a nine-sided construction, in keeping with the Baha'i belief in the mystical properties of the number nine. Free of ritual and clergy, the mashriq is open to adherents of all religions and offers a simple service consisting of readings

Duck

2005-03-27T07:37:00.000-08:00

Any of several genera of relatively small, short-necked, large-billed waterfowl that belong to the subfamily Anatinae, family Anatidae (q.v.), order Anseriformes. In true ducks, i.e., those classified in Anatinae, the legs are placed rearward, as in swans, resulting in a waddling gait. Most true ducks, including a few inaccurately called geese by reason of size and build, differ

Astrakhan

2005-03-25T03:20:00.000-08:00

Formerly Khadzhi-tarkhan, city and administrative centre of Astrakhan oblast (province), southwestern Russia. Astrakhan city is situated in the delta of the Volga River, 60 miles (100 km) from the Caspian Sea. It lies on several islands on the left bank of the main, westernmost channel of the Volga. Astrakhan was formerly the capital of a Tatar khanate, a remnant of the Golden Horde, located on the higher

Aidan

2005-03-24T15:31:00.000-08:00

Aidan was crowned at Iona by St. Columba. He refused to allow his kingdom to remain dependent on the Irish Dalriada; but, coming into collision with his southern neighbours, he led a large force against Aethelfrith, king of the Northumbrians, and was defeated at Degsanstan, probably in

Theodebald

2005-03-21T15:08:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Theudebald, French Théodebald, or Thibaud Merovingian king of Reims from 547 or 548, in succession to his father, Theodebert I. He proved incapable of continuing the latter's dynamic policies. He left no son, and on his death his kingdom passed to his granduncle, Chlotar I.

Valentinian Iii

2005-03-19T10:39:00.000-08:00

Latin in full Flavius Placidius Valentinianus Roman emperor from 425 to 455. At no time in his long reign were the affairs of state personally managed by Valentinian. He was the son of the patrician Flavius Constantius (who ruled as Constantius III in 421) and Galla Placidia. When his uncle, the emperor Honorius, died in 423, the usurper John ruled for two years before he was deposed. Then Placidia controlled

Aldehyde

2005-03-18T02:09:00.000-08:00

The carbonyl group is highly polar. That is to say, it exhibits an uneven distribution of electrons, which renders the oxygen

Kunlun Mountains, Geology

2005-03-17T22:03:00.000-08:00

The principal folded structures and granitic rocks of the Kunlun Mountains date to about 250 million years ago, a time during which there was much mountain building in the Eastern Hemisphere. The inner depressions of the Kunluns, however, are relatively recent structures in their entirety, being formed by deposits that are no more than 26 million years old; only the largest

La Habana

2005-03-16T18:31:00.000-08:00

Provincia, west-central Cuba, bounded on the north by the Straits of Florida and by Ciudad de la Habana provincia; on the south by the Gulf of Batabanó, an inlet of the Caribbean Sea; and on the east and west, respectively, by Matanzas and Pinar del Río provincias. It has an area of 2,213 square miles (5,731 square km) and is densely populated, being near the national and provincial capital

Daniels, Charles

2005-03-16T10:47:00.000-08:00

At the 1904 Olympic Games in St. Louis, Missouri, Daniels was America's star swimmer, winning gold medals in the 220-yard and 440-yard freestyle and the 4 ´ 50-yard freestyle relay, a silver in the

Natal

2005-03-15T01:49:00.000-08:00

City, capital of Rio Grande do Norte estado (“state”), northeastern Brazil, situated near the mouth of the Potengi River, or Rio Grande do Norte, on the Atlantic coast. Founded by the Portuguese in 1597 near the site of a fort (Tres Reis Magos, or “The Three Magi”), Natal was given town status in 1611. The state's principal commercial centre, it produces silk and cotton textiles, sugar, salt, hides,

Papillomavirus

2005-03-14T19:50:00.000-08:00

Also spelled papilloma virus any of a group of viruses belonging to the family Papillomaviridae that infect birds and mammals, causing warts (papillomas) and other benign tumours in humans. They are small polygonal viruses containing circular double-stranded DNA, and more than 55 distinct types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are now known on the basis of analysis of their DNA. Skin warts are of

Switzerland, Skies and temperatures

2005-03-12T11:48:00.000-08:00

The stable high-pressure weather conditions prevailing over central Europe and the Alps during the autumn and winter create cold air masses that result in lowland fog, a climatic phenomenon with widely varying consequences. The mouths of the northern Alpine valleys, the basins of the Jura Mountains, and the villages and cities of the low areas of the Mittelland

Lutetian Stage

2005-03-12T09:39:00.000-08:00

The stage's name is derived from Lutetia, the ancient Latin name for Paris, France, whose surrounding area is usually considered

Allemande

2005-03-10T03:39:00.000-08:00

Processional couple dance with stately, flowing steps, fashionable in 16th-century aristocratic circles; also an 18th-century figure dance. The earlier dance apparently originated in Germany but became fashionable both at the French court (whence its name, which in French means “German”) and in England, where it was called almain, or almand. The French dancing master Thoinot

Eyasi, Lake

2005-03-09T16:08:00.000-08:00

Lake, northern Tanzania. It lies west of Lake Manyara and approximately 95 miles (155 km) southwest of Arusha. At an elevation of about 3,400 feet (1,040 m), the lake covers an area of about 400 square miles (1,050 square km) and occupies the bottom of a bowllike depression in a region of volcanic activity. The walls of the lake are purple lava enclosing a broad expanse of white alkaline shallows with

Biblical Literature, The Georgian version

2005-03-09T01:14:00.000-08:00

According to Armenian tradition, the Georgian version was also the work of Mesrob, but the Psalter, the oldest part of the Georgian Old Testament, is probably not earlier than the 5th century. Some manuscripts were based upon Greek versions, others upon the Armenian.

Athenagoras I

2005-03-07T04:26:00.000-08:00

Athenagoras was the son of a physician. He attended the seminary on the island of Halki, near Constantinople, and was ordained a deacon in 1910. He then moved to Athens, where he served as archdeacon to the archbishop Meletios, who later

Crabtree, Lotta

2005-03-07T02:01:00.000-08:00

Crabtree grew up from the age of four in California, where her father moved the family during the Gold Rush of the early 1850s. At the Grass Valley mining camp she met Lola

Baseball

2005-03-06T08:00:00.000-08:00

Game played with a bat, a ball, and gloves between two teams of nine players each on a field with four white bases laid out in a diamond (i.e., a square oriented so that its diagonal line is vertical). Teams alternate positions as batters (offense) and fielders (defense), exchanging places when three members of the batting team are “put out.” As batters, players try to hit the ball

Ocean, Antarctic Circumpolar Current

2005-03-05T04:16:00.000-08:00

The Southern Ocean links the major oceans by a deep circumpolar belt in the 50°–60° S range. In this belt flows the Antarctic Circumpolar Current from west to east, encircling the globe at high latitudes. It transports 125 million cubic metres of seawater per second over a path of about 24,000 kilometres and is the most important factor in diminishing the differences between oceans.

Hale Observatories

2005-03-02T19:53:00.000-08:00

The Palomar and Wilson observatories were operated

Ecorse

2005-02-28T16:58:00.000-08:00

City, Wayne county, Michigan, U.S. It lies along the Detroit River and is one of several contiguous southwest suburbs of Detroit known as downriver communities. Settled about 1815 on the site of an Indian camp and burial ground, it was called Grandport and developed in the early 20th century with the growth of the Ford Motor Company in nearby Dearborn. Its name was derived from

Luther, Martin, Brother Martin Luther

2005-02-27T21:45:00.000-08:00

Evidence on the reason for his decision to enter the religious life is scanty. In his later, not always reliable, Tischreden (“Table Talk”), it is related that on July 2, 1505, he was returning from a visit to his parents when he was overtaken by a thunderstorm near the village of Stotternheim and cried out in terror, “Help, St. Anne, and I'll become a monk.” In his De votis monasticis (“Concerning

Argentina, Industry

2005-02-24T23:58:00.000-08:00

Manufacturing, which accounts for one-fifth of the GDP and nearly one-sixth of the workforce, is the mainstay of the Argentine economy.

France, History Of, Carolingian literature and arts

2005-02-22T02:49:00.000-08:00

A renaissance movement occurred during the general renovation undertaken by the Carolingian monarchs; they supported the movement as an aid to religious reform and as a means to enhance their own prestige. The origins of the movement lie deep in the 7th and 8th centuries. It received great stimulus, however, when the growth of the empire brought the Franks into contact

Ursula, Saint

2005-02-21T19:01:00.000-08:00

Legendary leader of 11 or 11,000 virgins reputedly martyred at Cologne, now in Germany, by the Huns, 4th-century nomadic invaders of southeastern Europe. The story is based on a 4th- or 5th-century inscription from St. Ursula's Church, Cologne, stating that an ancient basilica had been restored on the site where some holy virgins were killed. Mentioned

Middle Rhine Highlands

2005-02-18T04:48:00.000-08:00

Also called Rhenish Slate Mountains , German Rheinisches Schiefergebirge mountainous highlands lying mainly in northwestern Germany but also extending westward as the Ardennes through southeastern Belgium and northern Luxembourg, with an overlap into eastern France beyond the Meuse River. The Highlands form a greatly varied plateau with areas of rugged relief, as in the Eifel and the Rothaargebirge in the region of Sauerland, though

Popish Plot

2005-02-16T21:53:00.000-08:00

(1678), in English history, a totally fictitious but widely believed plot in which it was alleged that Jesuits were planning the assassination of King Charles II in order to bring his Roman Catholic brother, the Duke of York (afterward King James II), to the throne. The allegations were fabricated by Titus Oates (q.v.), a renegade Anglican clergyman who had feigned conversion

Amphibolite

2005-02-15T22:28:00.000-08:00

A rock composed largely or dominantly of minerals of the amphibole group. The term has been applied to rocks of either igneous or metamorphic origin. In igneous rocks, the term hornblendite is more common and restrictive; hornblende is the most common amphibole and is typical of such rocks. Hornblendite is an ultramafic rock (dominantly dark minerals) and is also

Price, Nick

2005-02-13T23:17:00.000-08:00

In 1982, 26-year-old Nick Price held a three-stroke lead with six holes left to play in one of golf's premier events, the British Open. But then he faltered, and Tom Watson beat him by one stroke. Watson, having also won the 1982 U.S. Open, became only the sixth player ever to win consecutive major tournaments. Twelve years would pass before that exclusive back-to-back club would admit another

Yeshiva University

2005-02-10T02:34:00.000-08:00

Private, coeducational institution of higher learning in New York, New York, U.S. It is a comprehensive research university comprising six undergraduate schools and seven graduate or professional schools at the Main Campus in the Washington Heights section of Manhattan, the Midtown Center in Manhattan's Murray Hill area, the Brookdale Center on Fifth Avenue in

Powder River

2005-02-09T20:01:00.000-08:00

Stream of the northwestern United States. It rises in several headstreams in foothills of the Bighorn Mountains in Wyoming and flows northward for 486 miles (782 km) to join the Yellowstone River near Terry, Mont. Tributaries include the Little Powder River and Crazy Woman Creek.

Robert Of Bellême, 3rd Earl Of Shropshire Or Shrewsbury

2005-02-07T09:51:00.000-08:00

A younger son of Roger de Montgomery, 1st earl of Shropshire

Ararat

2005-02-04T06:47:00.000-08:00

City, southwestern Victoria, Australia, on the northern flanks of the Pyrenees Range, near the Hopkins River. The community and a nearby peak (2,020 ft [616 m]) were named in 1840 by a sheep farmer who likened his settling there to the legendary resting of Noah's Ark on Mt. Ararat in Turkey after the Flood. Although gold was discovered in 1854, the rush of miners was delayed until 1857. Declared a borough

Aroostook

2005-02-03T14:03:00.000-08:00

County, northern Maine, U.S. It is bordered by Quebec, Can., to the west and northwest and by New Brunswick, Can., to the north and east. The northern boundary is defined by the St. Francis and St. John rivers. The county is a hilly highland region with numerous streams and lakes. Major waterways include the Allagash, Aroostook, Big Black, Little Madawaska, Machias, and Mattawamkeag

Oakland

2005-01-31T22:22:00.000-08:00

Town, seat (1872) of Garrett county, extreme western Maryland, U.S., in the Allegheny Mountains near the West Virginia border. Laid out in 1849, after the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad decided to build a rail line through the area, it became a popular tourist destination. Oakland remains at the centre of a resort and agricultural area. Trout fishing, hiking, boating, snow skiing, biking,

Priesthood, Jainism and Buddhism

2005-01-29T10:56:00.000-08:00

In Jainism and Buddhism, arising within Brahmanism as nontheistic sectarian movements, the Brahman priesthood was sublimated and the Vedic caste and sacrifice eliminated. In their place a monastic system was evolved, with monks and nuns devoted primarily to rigorous asceticism in the quest of perfection and in the pursuit of chastity and truthfulness. Complete

Atacama

2005-01-28T15:30:00.000-08:00

In their widely scattered settlements the Atacama cultivated crops such as corn (maize), beans, quinoa, and squash with the aid of irrigation. They herded llama

Heredity, Multiple alleles

2005-01-25T16:15:00.000-08:00

The traits discussed so far all have been governed by the interaction of two possible alleles. Many genes, however, are represented by multiple allelic forms within a population. (One individual, of course, can possess only two of these multiple alleles.) Human blood groups—in this case, the well-known ABO system—again provide an example. The gene that governs ABO blood

Bas-relief

2005-01-24T03:56:00.000-08:00

Sculptural relief in which the projection from the surrounding surface is slight (see photograph). See relief.

Mahbubnagar

2005-01-21T02:45:00.000-08:00

Mahbubnagar district (7,112 sq mi [18,419 sq km]) is located

Usuki

2005-01-20T03:25:00.000-08:00

City, Oita ken (prefecture), Kyushu, Japan. The city faces Usuki Bay on the Bungo Channel between the Inland Sea and the Pacific Ocean. An early castle town, Usuki once carried on trade with Portugal. It is now a fishing port and commercial centre; the main industrial activity is brewing. Usuki is perhaps most noted as the site of the former Buddhist Mangetsu Temple, with its

Abahai

2005-01-18T09:10:00.000-08:00

Abahai was the eighth son of Nurhachi (1559–1626), the great Manchu leader who extended his people's rule over the tribes of the Inner Asian steppes and organized his tribesmen into a bureaucratic

Briançon

2005-01-16T09:43:00.000-08:00

City, Hautes-Alpes département, Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur région, southeastern France. Briançon lies at the confluence of the Durance and Guisanne rivers. Its location at a crossing point for commerce across the Alps made the city important historically. The upper city preserves 17th-century fortifications designed by Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban; the lower city

Saxe, (hermann-) Maurice, Comte De

2005-01-14T07:17:00.000-08:00

The illegitimate son of the elector Frederick Augustus I of Saxony (later also King Augustus II of Poland), young Maurice was sent by his father to serve under Prince Eugene of Savoy against the French in Flanders

Furniture, Other materials

2005-01-11T16:34:00.000-08:00

Among other secondary materials in furniture making, glass has been used in the form of mirrorglass or as a purely decorative, illusionistic element in cabinets and writing desks. Italian craftsmen have made glass furniture; that is, wooden furniture covered with silvered glass in various colours. Ivory and other forms of bone were used as inlay material in Egyptian

Furniture, Fixed and mechanical tables

2005-01-09T15:49:00.000-08:00

In general, tables can be divided into fixed and mechanical types. The fixed table, consisting of a square or round top supported by one or more legs, is the least complicated from the viewpoint of craftsmanship. It is a form that requires wood of thick dimensions in order to make the joints by which the top is fastened to the legs strong enough to resist lateral pressure.

Kinship

2005-01-07T18:44:00.000-08:00

Freud's concern was with the origin of the incest taboo, which is practically universal in human society. He believed that children have a secret desire to commit incest

France, History Of, The influence of Rousseau

2005-01-06T03:32:00.000-08:00

Regarding the cultural transformations of 18th-century France, it would be difficult to overestimate the crystallizing and revolutionary impact of Rousseau's vision of the world. His thought changed conceptions both of man's private and public spheres. According to Rousseau the self becomes empowered in private union with the beloved other, as portrayed in his

Signoret, Simone

2005-01-04T08:56:00.000-08:00

Born in Germany to French nationals, Signoret was reared from the age

Morat, Battle Of

2005-01-02T00:10:00.000-08:00

The Swiss had been drawn into war as allies of the Holy Roman emperor Frederick III and

Atchison, Topeka And Santa Fe Railway Company, The

2004-12-31T05:57:00.000-08:00

Byname Santa Fe Railway, former railway that was one of the largest in the United States. Chartered in Kansas as the Atchison and Topeka Railroad Company in 1859, it later exercised great influence on the settlement of the southwestern United States. It was renamed the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad in 1863 and acquired its modern name in 1895. Its founder was Cyrus K. Holliday, a Topeka lawyer and

Davangere

2004-12-28T13:30:00.000-08:00

Town, central Karnataka (formerly Mysore) state, southern India. A major road and rail junction, it supports a large-scale textile industry and is a trading centre for cotton and grain. The surrounding villages produce handloomed cotton and wool. Several colleges affiliated with the University of Mysore are situated at Davangere. Pop. (1981) 196,621.

Foy, Eddie

2004-12-27T02:31:00.000-08:00

As a child he sang and danced in the streets of New York and Chicago to help support his family. He gained his first professional recognition in the mining camps and cow towns of the West, beginning around 1878. He returned to Chicago in 1888 as the star comedian

Haasse, Hella S.

2004-12-25T23:15:00.000-08:00

Haasse studied at the Amsterdam Toneelschool, a dramatic arts school, and published a volume of poetry, Stroomversnelling (“Fast Current”), in 1945. Her novel Het woud der verwachting (1949; In a Dark Wood Wandering) is about Charles d'Orléans, a French nobleman taken

India, Coastal areas

2004-12-23T18:24:00.000-08:00

Most of the coast of India flanks the Eastern and Western Ghats. In the northwest, however, much of coastal Gujarat lies to the northwest of the Western Ghats, extending around the Gulf of Khambhat (Cambay) and into the salt marshes of the Kathiawar and Kachchh (Kutch) peninsulas. These tidal marshes include the Great Rann of Kachchh along the border with Pakistan and the Little

Kudu

2004-12-20T13:11:00.000-08:00

Any of certain handsome, slender antelopes of the genus Tragelaphus, family Bovidae (order Artiodactyla). The greater kudu (T. strepsiceros) lives in small groups in hilly bush country or open woods of eastern and southern Africa. It stands about 1.3 m (51 inches) at the shoulder. It has a fringe on the throat and a crest of hair on the neck and back, and

Endor, Witch Of

2004-12-19T23:20:00.000-08:00

In the Old Testament (1 Samuel 28:3–25), a female sorcerer who was visited by Saul, the first king of Israel. Although Saul had banished all sorcerers and conjurers from his kingdom, his concern about the final outcome of Israel's battle against the Philistines caused him to seek the services of someone with “a familiar spirit.” When his servants told him of such a woman at Endor, he

Ibn Sa'ud

2004-12-16T01:03:00.000-08:00

Tribal and Muslim religious leader who formed the modern state of Saudi Arabia and initiated the exploitation of its oil.

Düren

2004-12-14T10:04:00.000-08:00

City, North Rhine-Westphalia Land (state), western Germany. It lies along the Ruhr River, on the northeastern slopes of the Eifel Hills. A Frankish settlement first mentioned in 748, it grew from the Villa Duria of Pippin III the Short, the king of the Franks. It was subsequently the seat of diets and synods under Charlemagne and the base for several of his Saxon campaigns. After

Masham (of Swinton), Samuel Cunliffe Lister, 1st Baron

2004-12-13T04:35:00.000-08:00

In 1838 Samuel and his brother John opened a worsted mill in Manningham. He had worked on a machine to comb wool

Paraguay, Relief

2004-12-10T21:21:00.000-08:00

The Región Oriental, with an area of about 61,700 square miles, is an extension of the Brazilian Plateau and

Ad Valorem Tax

2004-12-08T16:34:00.000-08:00

Ad valorem rates, which have come into increased use, have the important advantage of adjusting the

Spalding, Henry Harmon

2004-12-07T04:57:00.000-08:00

Spalding was educated at Plattsbury (N.Y.) Academy, Western Reserve College (Ohio), and Lane Theological Seminary (Cincinnati) and was ordained in the Presbyterian ministry

'arish, Al-

2004-12-04T09:43:00.000-08:00

Known

Baseball

2004-12-02T22:36:00.000-08:00

As part of its millennium celebration, major league baseball conducted fan balloting to honor the All-Century Team. Twenty-five players were selected via the voting process; five others were added to bring the roster to 30; and the living members of the elite squad were sent to Atlanta for a ceremony before game two of the World Series. Among those present was Pete Rose,

Han-tan

2004-11-30T22:48:00.000-08:00

The area was already settled

Eastern Africa, History Of, The Solomonids

2004-11-27T04:33:00.000-08:00

An amalgamated Christian state, led by Semitized Agew, had reappeared in the 12th century. This Zagwe dynasty gave way in the late 13th century to a dynasty that claimed descent from King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, a genealogy providing the legitimacy and continuity so honoured in Ethiopia's subsequent national history. During the 14th and 15th centuries the Solomonid

Constable, Archibald

2004-11-24T01:03:00.000-08:00

At the age of 14 Constable was apprenticed to an Edinburgh bookseller, Peter Hill; after six years he left to open his own bookstore. He began to publish theological and political pamphlets, and in 1802 Sydney Smith

Aylesbury

2004-11-22T19:45:00.000-08:00

Town, Aylesbury Vale district, administrative and historic county of Buckinghamshire, England. The town lies at the centre of a rich clay vale. It was once an important market town for ducks and dairy produce but is now an expanding centre of industry, which includes food processing, light engineering, and especially printing. The town's market square is surrounded

Livingston, Henry Brockholst

2004-11-20T22:22:00.000-08:00

Livingston joined the Continental Army at the age of 19 and saw action with Benedict Arnold and as an aide to General Philip John Schuyler and General Arthur St. Clair before accompanying his brother-in-law, John Jay, on his mission to solicit aid from Spain in 1779. On his return

Pitt, Thomas

2004-11-18T13:07:00.000-08:00

Without receiving permission

Stefánsson, Davíd

2004-11-16T07:44:00.000-08:00

Stefánsson came of a cultured yeoman family and was brought up with a love for his homeland, its literature, and its folklore. He frequently journeyed abroad but lived most of his life in the town of Akureyri, where he was a librarian (1925–52). He wrote a powerful

Park Range

2004-11-14T05:25:00.000-08:00

Segment of the Rocky Mountains, extending south-southeastward for about 200 miles (320 km) from Carbon county, Wyo., to northwestern Park county, Colo., U.S. The range lies to a large extent within Medicine Bow, Pike, Arapaho, Routt, and White River national forests and includes the Mosquito (Colorado), Gore (Colorado), and Sierra Madre (Wyoming) subranges. Many peaks surpass 14,000 feet (4,300 m), with

Abrasive

2004-11-13T22:54:00.000-08:00

Sharp, hard material used to wear away the surface of softer, less resistant materials. Included within the term are both natural and synthetic substances, ranging from the relatively soft particles used in household cleansers and jeweler's polish to the hardest known material, the diamond. Abrasives are indispensable to the manufacture of nearly every product

Catch-as-catch-can Wrestling

2004-11-11T13:24:00.000-08:00

Basic wrestling style in which nearly all holds and tactics are permitted in both upright and ground wrestling. Rules usually forbid only actions that may injure an opponent, such as strangling, kicking, gouging, and hitting with a closed fist. The object is to force the opponent into a position in which both shoulders touch the ground at the same time. Formerly known

Rye

2004-11-08T14:38:00.000-08:00

Town (“parish”), Rother district, administrative county of East Sussex, historic county of Sussex, England, on a hill by the River Rother. The community's cobbled streets and timber-framed and Georgian houses attract many tourists. Originally a seaport, Rye was incorporated in 1289 and became a full member of the Cinque Ports (a confederation of English Channel ports) in about

Kraljevo

2004-11-06T06:49:00.000-08:00

Just 3 miles

Chiang Kai-shek

2004-11-04T01:40:00.000-08:00

Chiang was born into a moderately prosperous merchant and farmer family in the coastal province of Chekiang. He prepared for a military career first (1906) at

Gates Of Paradise

2004-11-02T02:24:00.000-08:00

Italian Porta Del Paradiso, the pair of gilded bronze doors (1425–52) designed by the sculptor Lorenzo Ghiberti for the east entrance of the Baptistery of San Giovanni in Florence. Each wing of the Gates of Paradise contains five rectangular reliefs of scenes from the Old Testament between figurated borders containing statuettes in niches and medallions with busts. The entire surface of the doors

Diesinking

2004-10-29T21:55:00.000-07:00

The die block is mounted on a table while a vertical-spindle milling machine with end cutters is used to shape the die. In most simple machines the movement of the cutter may be controlled by the manual operation of transverse, horizontal,

Locomotion

2004-10-27T06:38:00.000-07:00

In ethology, any of a variety of movements among animals that results in progression from one place to another.

Alekhine, Alexander

2004-10-26T06:07:00.000-07:00

Alekhine was a precocious chess player, becoming a master at age 16 and a grandmaster at age 22. He was playing in a tournament in Mannheim, Germany, when World War I broke out; after

Faience Parlante

2004-10-23T00:05:00.000-07:00

(French: “talking faience”), in French pottery, popular utilitarian 18th-century earthenware, principally plates, jugs, and bowls, that had inscriptions as part of its decoration. The city of Nevers was the outstanding centre for the production of faience parlante. The range of inscriptions included owners' names, coats of arms, bacchic or facetious references, Masonic

Henderson, Arthur

2004-10-22T02:45:00.000-07:00

An iron molder at Robert Stephenson's locomotive works and foundry in Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland, Henderson became secretary of the Newcastle local of the

Kazakstan

2004-10-20T13:50:00.000-07:00

Also spelled Kazakhstan , officially Republic of Kazakstan , Kazakh Qazaqstan Respublikasï country of Central Asia. It is bounded on the northwest and north by Russia, on the east by China, and on the south by Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and the Aral Sea; the Caspian Sea bounds Kazakstan to the southwest. Kazakstan's 1,052,100 square miles (2,724,900 square kilometres) make it by far the largest state in Central Asia and the ninth largest in the world. Between its most distant

Chagos Archipelago

2004-10-17T01:33:00.000-07:00

Island group, a major geographic feature of the British Indian Ocean Territory, located in the central Indian Ocean about 1,000 miles (1,600 km) south of the tip of the Indian subcontinent. The archipelago has a total area of 23 square miles (60 square km) and constitutes a semicircular group, open to the east, comprising (counterclockwise from the north) the Salomon Islands; Peros Banhos

China, Later innovations

2004-10-15T03:38:00.000-07:00

In the 15th century new institutions were gradually devised to provide needed coordination both in the central government and in regional administration. Later emperors found the Hung-wu emperor's system of highly centralized power and fragmented government structure inefficient and inconvenient. Litterateurs of the traditional and prestigious Hanlin

Gräfe, Albrecht Von

2004-10-13T21:18:00.000-07:00

Albrecht was the son of Karl Ferdinand von Gräfe, a noted surgeon who was a pioneer in early German plastic surgery. The creator of one of Europe's leading eye clinics (1850), Albrecht was the first to recognize the importance to diagnosis of the German physiologist

Durand, Asher B(rown)

2004-10-12T23:15:00.000-07:00

He was apprenticed in 1812 to an engraver; by 1823 his reputation was established with his engraving of John Trumbull's painting “Declaration of Independence.” For the next decade he continued to do engraved reproductions

Ogham Writing

2004-10-09T09:43:00.000-07:00

Ogham also spelled Ogam, or Ogum, alphabetic script dating from the 4th century AD, used for writing the Irish and Pictish languages on stone monuments; according to Irish tradition, it was also used for writing on pieces of wood, but there is no material evidence for this. In its simplest form, ogham consists of four sets of strokes, or notches, each set containing five letters composed of from one to five

Malaspina Family

2004-10-07T19:25:00.000-07:00

Feudal family powerful in northern Italy in the Middle Ages. Descended from Marquis Oberto I, who was created count palatine by the Holy Roman emperor Otto I, the family at first controlled Tuscany, eastern Liguria, and the March of Lombardy. Early in the 11th century the Este, Pallavicino, and Massa-Corsica family branches separated from the Malaspina. The situation

Gandak River

2004-10-06T07:33:00.000-07:00

Also called Narayani River, river in central Nepal and northern India. It is formed by the union of the Kali and Trisuli rivers, which rise in the Great Himalaya Range in Nepal; from this junction to the Indian border the river is called the Narayani. It flows southwest into India and then turns southeast along the Uttar Pradesh–Bihar state border and across the Gangetic Plain. It enters the Ganges River

Pius Ix

2004-10-04T11:53:00.000-07:00

The year of revolutions began in Sicily; soon all Europe was ablaze and Pius was faced with demands, both liberal and nationalist, much beyond what he had been prepared to grant (see Revolutions of 1848). On March 14 he was compelled to grant a constitution establishing a two-chamber parliament with full legislative and fiscal powers subject only to the pope's personal veto. On

Asteroid

2004-10-02T08:35:00.000-07:00

Also called minor planet, or planetoid, any of a host of small rocky bodies, about 1,000 km or less in diameter, that orbit the Sun primarily between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. It is because of their small size and large numbers relative to the nine major planets that asteroids are also called minor planets. The two designations are frequently used interchangeably, though dynamicists, astronomers who study

Augustinian

2004-09-29T14:24:00.000-07:00

Also called Austin, in the Roman Catholic Church, member of any of the religious orders and congregations of men and women whose constitutions are based on the Rule of St. Augustine, instructions on the religious life written by Augustine, the great Western theologian, and widely disseminated after his death, AD 430. More specifically, the name is used to designate members of two main branches

Heston, Charlton

2004-09-28T07:33:00.000-07:00

Heston decided to become an actor after impulsively auditioning for a high-school play. His stage experience in high school resulted in a scholarship to Northwestern